直流充電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁（或稱非車(che)載充電(dian)(dian)(dian)機）是(shi)固定安(an)裝在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)外、與(yu)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)連接，直接輸出可調直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)給車(che)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)，輸出的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)流調整范(fan)圍大，功率較大，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)速度快(kuai)，俗稱“快(kuai)充”。

如下圖，直流充(chong)電樁輸出由9根線(xian)組成(cheng)，分別(bie)是：

1、直流電源線(xian)路：DC+、DC-；

2、設備地線：PE；

3、充電通訊(xun)線(xian)路：S+、S-；

4、充電連接確認線路：CC1、CC2；

5、低壓(ya)輔助電源線路：A+、A- ；

直(zhi)流充電(dian)樁就是通過這9根線給電(dian)動汽(qi)車進行充電(dian)，電(dian)氣連接圖如下；

左邊是(shi)(shi)非車(che)(che)載充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)（即(ji)直流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樁），右(you)邊是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動汽車(che)(che)，二者通過車(che)(che)輛(liang)插座(zuo)相連，圖中S是(shi)(shi)一個常閉(bi)開(kai)關(guan)，與直流充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)槍(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)頭(tou)上的(de)按鍵(jian)（即(ji)機(ji)械鎖）相關(guan)聯，當按下充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)槍(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)頭(tou)上的(de)按鍵(jian)，S開(kai)關(guan)即(ji)打(da)開(kai)。U1，U2是(shi)(shi)一個12V的(de)上拉電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，R1~R5是(shi)(shi)阻值約(yue)1K的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，R1、R2、R3在充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)槍(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)上，R4、R5在車(che)(che)輛(liang)插座(zuo)上。

i、圖中二極管防(fang)止反向電流，可用其他電路(lu)替代；

ii、泄放電路和絕(jue)緣檢測電路需(xu)要具備投切功能(neng)。

在直流充電樁工作時，輔助電源給主控單元、顯示模塊、保護控制單元、信號采集單元、掃碼模塊等控制系統進行供電。另外，在動力電池充電過程中，輔(fu)助電源給(gei)BMS系(xi)統供電（需獨立(li)），由BMS系統(tong)實時(shi)監控動力電池的狀態(tai)。

1、車輛接(jie)口連接(jie)確認階(jie)段：當我們按(an)下槍頭(tou)按(an)鍵，插入車輛(liang)插座(zuo)，再(zai)放開槍頭(tou)按(an)鍵。充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁的(de)監測(ce)(ce)點1將檢測(ce)(ce)到(dao)12V-6V-4V的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓變化。一旦檢測(ce)(ce)到(dao)4V、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)樁將判(pan)斷充(chong)電(dian)(dian)槍插入成功，車輛(liang)接口完(wan)全(quan)連接，并(bing)將充(chong)電(dian)(dian)槍中的(de)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)鎖進行鎖定，防止槍頭(tou)脫落。

2、直(zhi)流充電樁自檢階段(duan)：在車(che)輛(liang)接(jie)口(kou)完全連(lian)接(jie)后(hou)，充(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)將閉合K3、K4，使低壓輔助(zhu)供(gong)電(dian)回(hui)(hui)路導通(tong)，為(wei)電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)控(kong)制(zhi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置供(gong)電(dian)（為(wei)電(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)控(kong)制(zhi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置供(gong)電(dian)），車(che)輛(liang)得到供(gong)電(dian)后(hou)，將根據監測(ce)點2的電(dian)壓判斷車(che)輛(liang)接(jie)口(kou)是否連(lian)接(jie)，若電(dian)壓值為(wei)6V，則車(che)輛(liang)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置開始周期(qi)發送通(tong)信(xin)握手報(bao)文(wen)，接(jie)著閉合K1、K2，進行絕緣檢測(ce)，即檢測(ce)DC線路的絕緣性能，保證后(hou)續充(chong)電(dian)過程的安全性。絕緣檢測(ce)結束后(hou)，將投(tou)入泄放回(hui)(hui)路泄放能量，并斷開K1、K2，同時開始周期(qi)發送通(tong)信(xin)握手報(bao)文(wen)。

3、充電(dian)準(zhun)備就緒階段：電(dian)動汽車與直(zhi)流充電(dian)樁相互匹(pi)配的(de)階(jie)段；車輛控制K5、K6閉(bi)合，使(shi)充電(dian)回路(lu)導通，電(dian)動汽車負責整個系統(tong)的(de)絕緣(yuan)檢(jian)查。

4、充電階段：充電(dian)(dian)樁檢測(ce)到車輛端電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)正(zheng)常（電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)與通信(xin)報文描述地電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)誤差≤±5%，且在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)樁輸出最(zui)大、最(zui)小電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的范圍內），充電(dian)(dian)機輸出預(yu)充電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)（當前電(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)減去1-10V）后，閉合(he)K1，K2，那么直流充電(dian)(dian)線路導通，電(dian)(dian)動汽車就準備開始充電(dian)(dian)了。

在充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)階段，車(che)輛(liang)向充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)實(shi)時發送電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)需求的(de)參數，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)會根據該(gai)參數實(shi)時調整充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，并相互發送各自的(de)狀態信(xin)息(xi)（充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、車(che)輛(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、SOC等）。

5、充電結束階段：車輛(liang)會根據BMS是(shi)否達到(dao)(dao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿狀態(tai)或(huo)是(shi)受到(dao)(dao)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)發來(lai)的(de)(de)“充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)中止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)報(bao)文”來(lai)判斷(duan)(duan)是(shi)否結束(shu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。滿足以(yi)上充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束(shu)條件(jian)，車輛(liang)會發送“車輛(liang)中止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)報(bao)文”，在(zai)確認充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流小(xiao)于(yu)5A后(hou)斷(duan)(duan)開K5、K6。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)在(zai)達到(dao)(dao)操(cao)作(zuo)人員設(she)定的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)結束(shu)條件(jian)，或(huo)者收到(dao)(dao)汽車發來(lai)的(de)(de)“車輛(liang)中止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)報(bao)文”，會發送“充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)中止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)報(bao)文”，并控制充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)停止充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，在(zai)確認充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流小(xiao)于(yu)5A后(hou)斷(duan)(duan)開K1，K2，并再次(ci)投入泄放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，然(ran)后(hou)斷(duan)(duan)開K3、K4。

二(er)次回路(lu)由控(kong)制(zhi)繼電器、急(ji)停按鈕、運行狀態指示燈、充(chong)電樁智能(neng)控(kong)制(zhi)器和人機(ji)交互設(she)備（顯示、輸入與刷卡）組(zu)成。

充(chong)電(dian)樁控制部分(fen)由主(zhu)控制器(qi)、絕緣檢測模(mo)(mo)塊、計量模(mo)(mo)塊、刷(shua)卡模(mo)(mo)塊、通訊(xun)模(mo)(mo)塊、空氣開關(guan)、主(zhu)繼電(dian)器(qi)和輔助開關(guan)電(dian)源組成。